ANALGESICS:-

Analgesics are the drugs used to kill pain. They induce condition of near unconsciousness with the brain’s interpretation of the signals. They may produce habit formation and tolerance. There are basically two kinds of analgesics. They are 1. Non-narcotics and 2. Narcotics. The best example for Non-narcotics analgesics is acetaminophen and for Narcotics analgesics is Morphine.

Some of the drugs of non-narcotic drugs reduce fever, pain and inflammation in joint disorders. These agents are not steroid harmones and are known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Examples of nonsteroidal antiflammatory drug are libuprofen (Motrin, Advil) and naproxen (Naprosen).

ANESTHETICS:-

An anesthetic is an agent that reduces or eliminates sensation. If the affect is on the whole body then it is said to be general anesthetic or if the effect is on the particular region then it is said to be local anesthetic.

Generally these anesthetics are used for surgical procedures and depress the activity of the central nervous system, producing loss of consciousness. i.e, in general these anesthetics are used to create numbness in the body wherever we want. Local anesthetics inhibit the conduction of impulses in sensory nerves in the region in which they are injected or applied.

Examples of general anesthetics are ether-hatothane (Fluothane), oxide-thiopental (Pentothal) and local anesthetics are hydrocortisone acetate (Orabase), lidocaine (Xylocaine).

ANTIBIOTICS:-

A chemical substance produced by a microorganism that inhibits or stops the growth of bacteria, fungi or parasites is said to be antibiotics. Example for microorganism are bacterium, yeast or mold). These antibiotics are largely used to control many diseases such as rheumatic fever, pneumonia, malaria, dengue etc. Pencillin was the first antibiotic used in the year 1945. The use of antibiotics is warranted because they are some powerful agents. Pathogenic organisms can develop resistance to the antibiotic and thus destroy the disease. Thus antibiotics are having the capacity of disease-fighting capability

Administration Of Drugs

The route of administration of drugs can be used to determine the rate and completeness of its absorption into the bloodstream and the speed and duration of the drug. The route of administration of drugs can be broadly classified into four types.

They are

1. Oral administration,

2. Sublingual administration,

3. Rectal administration, and

4. Parenteral administration

These administration of drugs are briefly described below

1. Oral administration:-

These drugs are given by mouth and they are slowly absorbed into the bloodstream through the stomach or intestinal wall. People who have difficulty swallowing pills or capsules may find it easier to swallow the medication if they look up as they swallow. After swallowing pills people should be given sufficient amount of water so that to dissolve the solid medications. Sometimes it is also ineffective because whenever the drug is unable to pass through the intestinal mucosa. So there are some disadvantages also with this administration. If time is a factor in therapy it is also disadvantageous.

2. Sublingual administration:-

These drugs are swallowed but are placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve in the saliva. The drug can be placed under the ventral surface of the tongue for dissolution and absorption through the mucous membrane. Nitroglycerin tablets are taken in this way to treat attacks.

3. Rectal administration:-

These drugs are cone-shaped and aqueous solutions are inserted into the rectum. Whenever the patient is feeling unpleasant feeling or urge to vomit at that time drugs are given by rectum.

4. Parenteral administration:-

This desired effect is systemic, substance is given by routes other than the digestive tract. i.e, it is accomplished by injection of the drug from a syringe through a hollow needle placed under the skin, into a muscle, into a vein or into a body cavity. There are some varieties of parenteral injections.

Nausea can be a symptom of illness or treatment for illness such as cancer as respones to motion, to perceived motion (computer games) and to high altitude. About 1/3 of the population is highly susceptible to motions sickness. 1/3 of the population is susceptible only to fairly severe conditions and the other 1/3 get nauseous only in very extreme conditions. Low tolerance for motion can limit travel for the most susceptible or preparation hours in advance via medications. ReliefBands begin to work in minutes not hours.

Morning sickness and chemotherapy or other drugs also result in nausea. Medications to stop or prevent nausea are sold both over the counter and via prescription. Side effects are common such as drowsiness, dry mouth and/or blurred vision such as from Scopolamine patches. Anticipating motion sickness is a guessing game. Do you take medications often 12 hours in advance? Do you want to pass up a glass of wine at dinner? (Most medications warn against imbiding alcoholic beverages.)

ReliefBands are FDA approved for over-the-counter use to stop or prevent nausea no matter what the cause. There are no restrictions against foods, beverages or use of other medications. Unless SeaBands which apply pressure to the Niguan point on the underside of the wrist, the Reliefband uses a mild electrical stimulation which is periodic and varies in frequency. Sooner or later, the brain ignores the pressure of the SeaBands and nausea returns or starts. ReliefBands have 5 different stimulation levels available. Relief from nausea occurs usually within 15 minutes and remains as long as the ReliefBand is activated. ReliefBands are effective for almost everyone who wears it. Do remember if nausea has persisted for hours or days, relief from nausea takes more time.

Approved by the FDA for those age 12 and older, the ReliefBand fits those with a wrist circumference up to ten inches. Use on younger children is left to the discretion of parents or guardians.

Proper positioning means putting the unit on the underside of your wrist where you would normally wear a wristwatch. First, put on either ReliefBand conductive gel or Lectron conductive gel. Then put on the ReliefBand device and tighten the band until it is comfortable but snug. Then activate by pushing the button in the middle. Increase power until you feel an intermittent buzzing sensation in your palm extending into your middle fingers. If you want to stop nausea, increase to the 4th or 5th level. Decrease the power when the nausea subsides. Annoying at best, you’ll soon ignore the sensations or turn over your wrist to reduce or eliminate them. Power comes from two CR2025 batteries. At power setting 3, the batteries typically last about 140 hours. Units often last 5 or 6 years. Just remove batteries when storing for long periods of time.

Wearers of ReliefBands sometimes test them by activating the units, waiting 15 minutes and riding a roller coaster. Lightweight and about the size of a large watch, the ReliefBand and conductive gel fit in pocket or handbag for use whenever needed. Enjoy life without worry about nausea and without using drugs that can limit your choices of beverage or activity.